Abrasive Types

2022-09-14

Abrasives are tools used for grinding, lapping and polishing. Most of the abrasives are artificial abrasives made of abrasives and binders, and there are also natural abrasives that are directly processed from natural ore rocks. In addition to being widely used in machinery manufacturing and other metal processing industries, abrasive tools are also used in food processing, paper industry and processing of non-metallic materials such as ceramics, glass, stone, plastic, rubber, and wood.

During the use of the abrasive tool, when the abrasive grains are blunt, due to the partial fragmentation of the abrasive grains themselves or the fracture of the binder, the abrasive grains partially or completely fall off from the abrasive tool, and the abrasive on the working surface of the abrasive tool continues to appear new cuts. Cutting edge, or constantly expose new sharp abrasive particles, so that the abrasive tool can maintain cutting performance for a certain period of time. This self-sharpening of the abrasive tool is a prominent feature of the abrasive tool compared with the general tool.

According to the source of raw materials, abrasives can be divided into two categories: natural abrasives and artificial abrasives. The natural abrasives commonly used in the machinery industry are only whetstone. Artificial abrasives are classified according to their basic shapes and structural characteristics, and there are five types of grinding wheels, grinding heads, whetstones, sand tiles (collectively referred to as bonded abrasives) and coated abrasives. In addition, it is customary to list abrasives as a class of abrasives.

Bonded abrasives can be divided into ordinary abrasive bonded abrasives and superhard abrasive bonded abrasives according to the different abrasives used. The former is made of ordinary abrasives such as corundum and silicon carbide, and the latter is made of superhard abrasives such as diamond and cubic boron nitride. In addition, there are some special varieties, such as sintered corundum abrasive tools.

Ordinary abrasive bonded abrasive tool is an abrasive tool that is consolidated into a certain shape and has a certain strength by a bonding agent. Generally composed of abrasive, bond and pores, these three parts are often referred to as the three elements of bonded abrasives.　

Abrasives play a cutting role in abrasive tools. Binder is a material that consolidates loose abrasives into abrasives, and there are two types of inorganic and organic. Inorganic binders include ceramics, rhombohedral and sodium silicate, etc.; organic binders include resin, rubber and shellac. Among the most commonly used are ceramic, resin and rubber binders.

The air holes play the role of chip containment and chip removal for grinding chips during grinding, and can accommodate coolant, which is helpful for the dissipation of grinding heat. In order to meet some special processing requirements, some fillers, such as sulfur and paraffin, can also be impregnated in the pores to improve the performance of the abrasive tool. This kind of filler, is also known as the fourth element of the abrasive.

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